Begin Hill, Smardale, Coast to Coast
More Articles in the Orton to Kirkby Stephen subsection
Coast to Coast path on Begin Hill
Begin Hill, Smardale Valley, Coast to Coast
Begin Hill is a 310m limestone hill on the eastern finger of Crosby Garrett Fell, overlooking the dismantled Smardale Railway and the broad valley through which the Coast to Coast route descends towards Smardale Bridge. The hill is best known for its Romano-British settlements, the remains of which are still clearly visible on the open fellside. Severals and Intake are two such settlements and are each designated as Scheduled Monuments by Historic England, preserving evidence of a farming community that occupied these uplands nearly two thousand years ago.
For many first-time Coast to Coast walkers, Begin Hill provides one of the most unexpected viewpoints of the entire route. As the path drops eastwards, the landscape opens dramatically to reveal the Smardale Valley below, with its dismantled railway, the celebrated Smardale Viaduct, Scandal Beck winding through the valley floor, and the prehistoric earthworks known as the Giants’ Graves. The combination of archaeology, industrial heritage and sweeping limestone scenery makes Begin Hill one of the most rewarding stages of the walk between Orton and Kirkby Stephen.
Begin Hill and Nettle Hill
Across the shallow vale, Nettle Hill rises to 382m, the highest point of Crosby Garrett Fell, while Begin Hill forms the lower southern rim. Between them lies a quiet sweep of open limestone pasture, but beneath the grass are traces of a much older landscape: three Romano-British settlements survive on Begin Hill, their enclosure banks still discernible across the fell. From here the ground falls away towards Smardale, giving the walker the first sense of the dramatic valley landscape waiting beyond.
Begin Hill from Sandy Bank
From Sandy Bank, Begin Hill rises in long limestone steps above the pasture, its pale scarps breaking through the green fellside. Below, the old Smardale Railway traces a quieter line through the landscape. The Coast to Coast reaches the hill by crossing Severals Gill and slipping beneath the former railway through a small tunnel — a sudden transition from the sheltered gill to the open limestone country above.
Severals Gill and Bluebells
In late spring, Severals Gill changes character as drifts of bluebells spread beneath the trees and along the old railway. Their intense colour follows the sheltered gill towards Smardale Bridge, contrasting with the open limestone pasture above. For the Coast to Coast walker, it is a brief, unexpectedly intimate passage — woodland, flowers and the quiet course of the gill before the landscape opens again towards Smardale.
🏺 Insight – Archaeology
Ancient Roman Settlements
The settlements on Begin Hill belong to the Romano-British period, a culture that emerged in northern Britain following the Roman conquest of AD43. Typical settlements of this type consisted of one or more circular stone houses enclosed within a curved stone boundary wall, with the dwellings usually positioned towards the rear of the enclosure and facing the entrance. Three such settlements survive on Begin Hill: Intake I, Intake II and Severals. Although long covered by turf, their enclosure banks and internal features remain visible, preserving evidence of a farming community that occupied these uplands nearly two thousand years ago.
The Coast to Coast path crosses the summit of Begin Hill before descending towards the dismantled railway in the Smardale Valley. The former railway track has been removed and replaced by a well-surfaced walking route that follows the valley floor. To the east, the limestone escarpment of Begin Hill falls steeply towards Scandal Beck, creating a rugged and dramatic edge above the valley.
At the foot of the hill, beside the dismantled railway, lie the remains of a disused limestone quarry and a substantial double draw lime kiln. Known by its listed name of Smardale Gill Lime Kilns, the structure dates largely from the 18th and 19th centuries and reflects the area’s long association with limestone extraction. The presence of extensive limestone outcrops may also help explain the location of the nearby Romano-British settlements, as the Romans were among the earliest people in Britain to quarry and utilise limestone on a significant scale.
The abundance of limestone in the Smardale area influenced both agriculture and architecture. Many of the stone farmhouses, barns and field walls seen today were built during the expansion of limestone construction from the late 17th century onwards. Burnt lime was also widely used to improve agricultural soils during the 18th and 19th centuries, increasing crop yields and helping to shape the distinctive farming landscape that surrounds Begin Hill today.
Begin Hill Summit Pond
Close to Begin Hill’s 310m summit, this small pond sits almost unnoticed among the open grassland. Yet the apparently empty fell around it conceals an exceptional archaeological landscape. Three Romano-British settlements — Intake I, Intake II and Severals — lie nearby, together with prehistoric round cairns and traces of an ancient field system. The quiet pond makes a useful landmark from which to begin reading those faint patterns in the turf.
Intake I - Smardale Edge
Perched close to the eastern edge of Begin Hill, Intake I looks out across the deepening Smardale Valley towards Smardale Fell. The settlement itself is quieter than the view: little more than low, grass-covered banks now interrupt the pasture. Yet those faint earthworks mark a place where people lived and farmed nearly two thousand years ago, with the dramatic limestone edge of Smardale falling away beside them.
Intake I Romano-British Settlement
Almost two thousand years after its inhabitants left Begin Hill, the shape of Intake I can still be read in the turf. Low banks trace the enclosed homesteads of a small Romano-British farming community, their stonework softened beneath generations of grass. There is something remarkable in standing here: what first appears to be an empty Cumbrian fell slowly resolves into the footprint of homes, fields and lives lived high above Smardale.
Intake II Northern Settlement
Intake II is the northernmost of Begin Hill’s three Romano-British settlements, and its oblong enclosure remains particularly easy to pick out in the turf. From this exposed position the ancient homestead looks east across Crag Wood into the deep Smardale Valley, while Nettle Hill rises across the open fell to the west. Nearly two millennia have softened its walls into grassy banks, but the shape of this small upland settlement still survives remarkably clearly in the landscape.
Hiking the Coast to Coast trail guide
Hiking the Coast to Coast is a digitally enhanced eBook designed to accompany you on your journey along the Coast to Coast path. Available on Apple Books for iPhone, iPad and Mac, the guide includes:
• Mapping with interactive features
• Step-by-step route directions
• Hundreds of colour photographs
• Route conditions in different weather
• Historical and cultural points of interest
Whether you’re planning your trip or already on the trail, it’s a practical and beautifully illustrated resource to carry with you.

